{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Раньше SQL как инструмента было достаточно для исследовательского анализа: быстрого поиска данных и предварительного отчёта по ним."}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Сейчас данные бывают разных форм и не всегда под ними подразумевают «реляционные базы данных». Это могут быть CSV-файлы, простой текст, Parquet, HDF5 и многое другое. Здесь вам и поможет библиотека Pandas."}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Что такое Pandas?"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Pandas — это библиотека на языке Python, созданная для анализа и обработки данных. Имеет открытый исходный код и поддерживается разработчиками Anaconda. Эта библиотека хорошо подходит для структурированных (табличных) данных. Дополнительную информацию можно найти в документации. Pandas позволяет формировать запросы к данным и многое другое."}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"SQL — декларативный язык. Он позволяет объявлять всё таким образом, что запрос похож на обычное предложение в английском языке. Синтаксис Pandas сильно отличается от SQL. Здесь вы применяете операции к набору данных и объединяете их в цепочку для преобразования и изменения."}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Разбор SQL-запроса"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"SQL-запрос состоит из нескольких ключевых слов. Между этими словами добавляются характеристики данных, которые вы хотите видеть. Пример каркаса запросов без конкретики:"}},{"type":"list","data":{"items":["SELECT… FROM… WHERE…","GROUP BY… HAVING…","ORDER BY…","LIMIT… OFFSET…"],"style":"unordered"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Есть и другие выражения, но эти самые основные. Чтобы перевести выражения в Pandas, нужно сначала загрузить данные:"}},{"type":"code","data":{"code":"import pandas as pd\r\n\r\nairports = pd.read_csv('data/airports.csv')\r\nairport_freq = pd.read_csv('data/airport-frequencies.csv')\r\nrunways = pd.read_csv('data/runways.csv')","language":"sql lazy-code"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Скачать эти данные можно здесь."}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"SELECT, WHERE, DISTINCT, LIMIT"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Ниже представлено несколько вариантов выражений с оператором SELECT. Ненужные результаты отсекаются с помощью LIMIT и отфильтровываются с помощью WHERE. Для удаления дублированных результатов используется DISTINCT."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174460,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-1-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":765,"height":240,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-1-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 1","dimensions":{"width":765,"height":240},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/Vkr5Ha2kExI4jNE-yt3fpfNxhZjjL8gRF0vy5UH06hA/rs:fill:765:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":765},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/utuwOUTkHuvdvlLhqj9NyUvOfESPP7dPt3qLj7y4XIQ/rs:fill:1530:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1530},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/tsHWfpW7eydxD3ClA86BlYkgv4ZRU7xJWDZGI5B1RSg/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/RE4dCg18LDH6PacTfPHtuWDmXA4W7FjaRWgiS7Sw4zw/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/OpVqd965C70QZwVdKfZHJKu4jf47yeTyyRsg6Poka1c/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/EwaYjUyGXl9cJxFHJb7RkMEp8lB03gbXry4BiO9CRTo/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/AL9nVSc1cT1f4sbB2-H-jLqvuRw5mgPL0A0dRwgCjFA/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/eK2kWIKSJrtpvCheUV85V6-c_G3k7Sy82a31A0hkjMQ/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTEtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"SELECT со множественным условием"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Несколько условий выбора объединяются с помощью операнда &. Если нужно только подмножество некоторых столбцов из таблицы, это подмножество применяется в другой паре квадратных скобок."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174463,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-2-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":771,"height":262,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-2-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 2","dimensions":{"width":771,"height":262},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/N9W613uDe1W7rnzRrxuNEX9fbWEz-bsr4M9l4cKyhzE/rs:fill:766:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":766},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/L45ZiU3LxS36UvFqPRQc_420ew_tlgik0bjDn1OMfuY/rs:fill:1532:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1532},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/iXB77EA-y0D8dmPTOJa-Pl9fA77VK05EASoUIebyhGQ/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/7CS1YZXNsUQq0n6fKmH_PMVE4iYjhxV6u8T2K9uDYbQ/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/bXzx1o8ex6StOzeCCDLqaTqtaF7wcvLmEEuEBjGQEtg/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/6eLE1XBAeko1HAreBCjmw2XWOEwYfjYNbUQqrzXYvaU/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/Zb11dG-7kmJU0rPlrKdVJ8Ouq8oBmlJ5h1UhurzJ2pk/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/yb7UgaPN8nTClxGPYhfG5IjGsV2f4_IajTLz49g3h10/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTItYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"ORDER BY"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"По умолчанию Pandas сортирует данные по возрастанию. Для обратной сортировки используйте выражение ascending=False."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174464,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-3-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":766,"height":238,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-3-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 3","dimensions":{"width":766,"height":238},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/6NCiKYQvVF2wO_SqeO1M-wP_9GnKkvb4O9yp_qro8ww/rs:fill:766:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":766},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/LHf4GM9YGWEuClsqGkVqK6pFV-yZsyW8iZtEnuPQKHM/rs:fill:1532:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1532},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/1eZ-A0xdSCsslkPtWXcnzYuSeYAKL_3FZlJBptUaXBo/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/NPerdcaubHH8P57WANG9nV3CP7MTMOILxOIav9iBG98/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/R4OT9B8IEdqdrVqXygIH2DeseDXxaRNe6e2uOAW3cRY/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/z4cGwYLqPQWXbWPln43oru5cQtZ_gNUmy1f7oExzSFI/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/r9AONIptcUv4Ybo8PDp3-fE80Ywda3VyJLmZO_yLLvo/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/wlTK52X6GMAns9KwHSPBm6LvvMEXFxm0WOaVWRhwdWA/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTMtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"IN и NOT IN"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Чтобы фильтровать не одно значение, а целые списки, существует условие IN. В Pandas оператор .isin() работает точно так же. Чтобы отменить любое условие, используйте ~ (тильда)."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174467,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-4-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":768,"height":240,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-4-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 4","dimensions":{"width":768,"height":240},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/mDQyQswEdqauSneqYX8VoAn-7HMU4SdIBdKaYAqMNro/rs:fill:766:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":766},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/5EjbjAzQ7t4PXEy0jWgX8PoI1z8Her5pBTXqEpeo0_o/rs:fill:1532:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1532},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/g2jDVGna1J7asn0I9NOb721Gd2YkkyeLyRDvcut-7fg/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/7nDXTQfO8zB-SNXPSmxA5tNLDFHIHfO5dBSDm_DaDl4/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/WIh-H9wnz71kiDXiwWNHvA1eS6xA0PgwL3FUZbDOlX0/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/X_jNf-unlMr-GOg10QGFChwlKKUYgKVgb7SFqSu8e5I/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/fAK7SM5l6e70Ut9jglZLprSOWRnZmS4Mpm6I0_sj_KY/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/4rvYNXfRx_raHa_Kv2EZHsTdE87Jp0zgnVBHursC36o/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTQtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"GROUP BY, COUNT, ORDER BY"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Группировка осуществляется с помощью оператора .groupby(). Есть небольшая разница между семантикой COUNT в SQL и Pandas. В Pandas .count() вернёт значения non-null/NaN. Для получения результата как в SQL, используйте .size()."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174468,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-5-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":859,"height":708,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-5-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 5","dimensions":{"width":859,"height":708},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/wCRUpVn-2K_a_xlG-aDv5Eekru1kLH68_gbbuDIiCyo/rs:fill:766:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":766},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/UveOw-N5XFTl9iJIbk6mYjcq-X0dZaKSbkYECmZLg2w/rs:fill:1532:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1532},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/jkfP_wp3kuqmkoznRf7kdGscQL0zMdTbl3atmbKT4Js/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/6JhO2KUtkoE-NWNTKne-oZdYSEOfWMkA0WNdKdzHnYE/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/Gdl52j4y51rST7TllOr4taALm4vfCSPpjuJLCWiS9VU/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/XAwpH0IEg7Jx6SWgknRrL8e2FqAoNJaSCi42FJ1vb-Y/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/DnbLY6hopbG4slrAF1U5996Ps6hqETWDIBs0Q32dXwk/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/zGfD0Txo4pO-tmUhfjPF8_FGKmGnMnDw4eNpIEZLvVk/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTUtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Ниже приведена группировка по нескольким полям. По умолчанию Pandas сортирует по одному и тому же списку полей, поэтому в первом примере нет необходимости в .sort_values(). Если нужно использовать разные поля для сортировки или DESC вместо ASC, как во втором примере, выборку необходимо задавать явно:"}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174469,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-6-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":860,"height":713,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-6-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 6","dimensions":{"width":860,"height":713},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/mECmY9W2kqO2KcDluFz9zvFDKFqWn0oyT3Yn9GwaCnw/rs:fill:766:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":766},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/PiN7KZbBiJR5cEjrdScUKLM2Ri7iGOzn2MsCnePqHKw/rs:fill:1532:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1532},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/0UaiCGmXbNWdEL46wectQI3noAahV_rKugSsEo62DhI/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/RmeHtKDU_1yTmKTuDBVqPGuXh0XarB0oYAcV7tyIoWU/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/QhwPYTqwJoHkyr9geaz2wLCGK7CAXojNEqcMc2YOVRk/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/RyONVwzN2ptZCu_6pYSv5-ToM-qfDwhr9ssmNVf7f9o/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/-icMkY0hX6fTgzkpfaMET1gtG_YkhoOaaA4lw8LdPYM/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/IeMDhZLpj_BLBg9H7-UtNqnXpboxu3-rwmR03ZeBOTs/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTYtYmlibGlvdGVrYS1QYW5kYXMuanBn","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"766px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Использование .to_frame() и .reset_index() обуславливается сортировкой по конкретному полю (size). Это поле должно быть частью типа DataFrame. После группировки в Pandas в результате получается другой тип, называемый GroupByObject. Поэтому нужно преобразовать его обратно в DataFrame. С помощью .reset_index() перезапускается нумерация строк для фрейма данных."}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"HAVING"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"В SQL можно дополнительно фильтровать сгруппированные данные, используя условие HAVING. В Pandas можно использовать .filter() и предоставить функцию Python (или лямбда-выражение), которая будет возвращать True, если группа данных должна быть включена в результат."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174470,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-7-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":768,"height":300,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-7-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 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Второй пример — более сложный случай, в котором выбираются «следующие 10» после первых 10 записей:"}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174471,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-8-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":766,"height":239,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-8-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 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Но в Pandas данные представлены строками."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":110353,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/04/0_5uJqmyB2KdwpsoY5_.png"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":155,"height":136,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/04/0_5uJqmyB2KdwpsoY5_.png","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 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Необходимо указать, к каким столбцам нужно присоединиться (left_on и right_on), а также тип соединения: inner (по умолчанию), left (соответствует LEFT OUTER в SQL), right (RIGHT OUTER в SQL) или outer (FULL OUTER в SQL)."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174473,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-10-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":766,"height":248,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-10-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 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В Pandas для добавления нужных данных нет эквивалента INSERT в SQL. Вместо этого следует создать новый фрейм данных, содержащий новые записи, а затем объединить два фрейма."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174476,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-12-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":766,"height":317,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-12-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 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Затем получить индексы строк и использовать их в методе .drop()."}},{"type":"image","data":{"file":{"id":174479,"url":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-14-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg"},"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","stretched":false,"withBackground":false,"withBorder":false,"width":765,"height":186,"optimizedFile":{"original":"https://media.tproger.ru/uploads/2019/05/Tablica-14-biblioteka-Pandas.jpg","alt":"Работа с данными по-новому: Pandas вместо SQL 18","dimensions":{"width":765,"height":186},"additionalSizes":{"srcSet":[{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/2MSTRmbQkIkT40Xy_fgFDewML9Mo6LeX01LhmxoX0T8/rs:fill:765:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":765},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/0E99Xy5nV37SXZQ__DxgWSFqA0bS2E6xAW8iNcCy9uU/rs:fill:1530:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":1530},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/APa9-aUTmOcgrlaFPLBGDOTi5aYc4MzNOP2LDqUmE2I/rs:fill:686:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":686},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/tJb-UNx8IKFURD4zG0YHWfWVCvqtCvcSC7LYlBUWHRk/rs:fill:1372:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":1372},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/S1DfkDUP8WPc-6rStLfRoDlQsd0ptdNo-JABZUXTlec/rs:fill:636:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":636},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/VLmlidXG1tsIuvsjzBGd_vGgZITlyDT8KRH206YKNj0/rs:fill:1272:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":1272},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/Njpa1QyCxcHsRWxbshgRs7eIc3H638_-kGP_3ReUFwo/rs:fill:466:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":466},{"url":"https://tproger.ru/signed_image/NEhW9ic9yFua3UaCjIxm8Y-v1pWanFVr6riiEw2RjWU/rs:fill:932:0:true/cb:vimg_2/f:webp/aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpYS50cHJvZ2VyLnJ1L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOS8wNS9UYWJsaWNhLTE0LWJpYmxpb3Rla2EtUGFuZGFzLmpwZw=","dpr":1,"width":932}],"sizes":[{"media":"(min-width: 1441px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"686px"},{"media":"(min-width: 1281px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 961px)","size":"765px"},{"media":"(min-width: 671px)","size":"636px"},{"media":"(min-width: 500px)","size":"466px"}]}}}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Неизменность"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"По умолчанию большинство операторов в Pandas возвращают новый объект. Некоторые операторы принимают параметр inplace=True, что позволяет работать с исходным фреймом данных вместо нового. Например, вот так можно сбросить индекс на месте:"}},{"type":"code","data":{"code":"df.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)","language":"sql lazy-code"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Однако оператор .loc (выше в примере с UPDATE) просто находит индексы записей для их обновления, и значения меняются на месте. Также, если все значения в столбце обновлены (df['url'] = 'http://google.com') или добавлен новый столбец (df['total_cost'] = df['price'] * df['quantity']), эти данные изменятся на месте."}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Pandas — это больше, чем просто механизм запросов. С данными можно делать и другие преобразования."}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Экспорт во множество форматов"}},{"type":"code","data":{"code":"df.to_csv(...) # в csv-файл\r\ndf.to_hdf(...) # в HDF5-файл\r\ndf.to_pickle(...) # в сериализованный объект\r\ndf.to_sql(...) # в базу данных SQL\r\ndf.to_excel(...) # в файл Excel\r\ndf.to_json(...) # в строку JSON\r\ndf.to_html(...) # отображение в качестве HTML-таблицы\r\ndf.to_feather(...) # в двоичный feather-формат\r\ndf.to_latex(...) # в табличную среду\r\ndf.to_stata(...) # в бинарные файлы данных Stata\r\ndf.to_msgpack(...) # msgpack-объект (сериализация)\r\ndf.to_gbq(...) # в BigQuery-таблицу (Google)\r\ndf.to_string(...) # в консольный вывод\r\ndf.to_clipboard(...)\r\n# в буфер обмена, который может быть вставлен в Excel","language":"sql lazy-code"}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Составление графиков"}},{"type":"code","data":{"code":"top_10.plot(\r\n x='iso_country', \r\n y='airport_count',\r\n kind='barh',\r\n figsize=(10, 7),\r\n title='Top 10 countries with most airports')","language":"sql lazy-code"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Получим:"}},{"type":"header2","data":{"level":2,"text":"Возможность поделиться своими работами"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"Лучшее место для публикации запросов Pandas, графиков и тому подобного — Jupyter notebook. Некоторые люди (например Джейк Вандерплас) публикуют там даже целые книги. Новую запись в блокноте создать просто:"}},{"type":"code","data":{"code":"$ pip install jupyter\r\n$ jupyter notebook","language":"sql lazy-code"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"После этого вы можете:"}},{"type":"list","data":{"items":["перейти по адресу localhost:8888;","нажать «New» и дать имя вашему блокноту;","запросить и отобразить данные;","создать репозиторий GitHub и добавить туда свой блокнот (файл с расширением .ipynb)."],"style":"unordered"}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"У GitHub есть отличный встроенный просмотрщик для блокнотов Jupyter с оформлением Markdown."}},{"type":"paragraph","data":{"text":"В качестве подсказки на старте работы с библиотекой воспользуйтесь одной из наших шпаргалок по Python. Вам также может быть полезна подборка книг по SQL."}}]}

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